What terminology do I need to make sure I use for Moments in Paper 2?

The moment of a force measures the turning effect of the force upon a rigid body. It is defined as the product of the magnitude of the force and the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation. The moment is a vector with unit of Nm

You must remember the definition of a moment: the Moment, measured in Nm, is equal to the Force applied, F, (N) multiplied by the perpendicular distance, d, from the axis of rotation and the line of action of the force.

Always state the principle of the sum of moments - for an object in equilibrium, the clockwise and anticlockwise moments are equal.

Make sure to to notice how the rod, or beam, ect is described in question - is it massless? If it has mass, is it uniformly distributed? Is it rigid?

Always be looking out for forces not perpendicular to the direction of rotation, you might have to use trigonometry here.

Fulcrum/Pivot: the point the moment is calculated about

Resultant moment: the sum of all the moments in the system

Equilibrim: when the moment at any single point along the object which in on a fulcrum has a moment of 0Nm

Centre of mass: if the weights on the system are not point masses, you may need to find where their centre of mass is- the point where a point mass could go to replicate the exact same moment they would produce

You should know the principle of moments ( which states that when a beam is in equilibrium under the action of several forces, the sum of all the clockwise moments must be equal to the sum of all the anticlockwise moments about a turning point (pivot) )

Terminology for Moments. There can be lots terminology that can be used, Im assuming it's pure 2 as your enquiry is in regards to paper 2, so it highly be likely to involve friction. Usual questions can be something to do with finding out if the friction will be sufficient enough to hold an object on a plane for instance once a supporting /external force is removed, in this application I would say working out will be your best friend as well as explaining your steps. When it comes to mechanics always apply the line rule in your working out to ensure its nice and clear for your teacher, examiner and yourself to look back on, to spot any potential mistakes :)

Heya Robert! When a moments question comes up, ensure you write exactly what you're doing. A good example of this is stating 'taking moments anticlockwise about Point A', and then writing 'taking moments clockwise about Point A'. Later on in the working out, you can also safely write 'Anticlockwise moments = clockwise moments'

Moment = force × distant

Moment is measured in Newton Metres (Nm)

Force is measured in newtons (N)

Distance is measured in metres (m)

Moments is the turning effect of a foce about a fixed point called pivot. Moment is a vector quantity. Formula: Moment = Force X Perpendicular distance from the pivot. Unit of Measurement is Nm.

Moments = force X perpendicular distance from the force to the point you are measuring the moment

Identify major areas of concern in the draft essay during revising

When discussing moments in Paper 2, key terms to use include moment of a force (Moment=Force×Perpendicular Distance from the Pivot\text{Moment} = \text{Force} \times \text{Perpendicular Distance from the Pivot}Moment=Force×Perpendicular Distance from the Pivot), perpendicular distance, line of action, and pivot. Mention the Principle of Moments: "For equilibrium, the sum of clockwise moments equals the sum of anticlockwise moments." Use terms like center of mass, couple (equal and opposite forces causing rotation), and torque (rotational effect of a force). Always specify the direction (clockwise/anticlockwise) and ensure distances used are perpendicular.

The force applied and the perpendicular distance from a point or an axis through that point.

Taking moment about a point, i.e Sum of moment about point O = 0 or the Algebraic sum of clockwise moments about a point is equal to the Algebraic sum of anticlockwise moments about the same point

Moreso, the Algebraic sum of all the vertical forces acting on the body must be equal to zero

You should make sure you understand that moments have direction. You need to find a direction for the force and also look at the distance in perpendicular direction.

• the turning effect a force has around a point is a moment,
• A force must act upon an object so that the body would begin to turn,
• Moment = Force X Perpendicular Distance,
• For aan object to be in equilibrium the total moments must be equal,
• The weight of an object operates through its centre of mass