Hormones: Maintaining Blood Homeostasis Practice Questions

Question 1

4 marks

Homeostasis is an important function of the human body.

(a)

What is meant by homeostasis?

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(b)

Give two conditions in the human body that are controlled by homeostasis.

/ 2

Question 2

4 marks

Figure 1 shows the position of four glands of the endocrine system in a human body.

Figure 1

(a)

Give the letter of the gland that monitors and controls blood glucose concentration.

/ 1

(b)

Name gland A.

/ 1

(c)

Name gland B.

/ 1

(d)

Gland D is only found in females.

Name gland D.

/ 1

Question 3

3 marks

The endocrine system is made up of glands that release hormones.

(a)

Complete the sentences.

Glands secrete hormones directly into the ______________ .

The hormone is carried to a ______________ organ, where it produces an effect.

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(b)

The pituitary gland is often called the 'master gland'.

Give one reason why.

/ 1

Question 4

4 marks

Water, ions and urea are lost from the body in several different ways.

(a)

Name the process by which water is lost from the body through the lungs.

/ 1

(b)

Name two substances, other than water, that are lost from the skin in sweat.

/ 2

(c)

Water is lost from the lungs and the skin.

Give one way in which this water loss is different from the loss of water in urine.

/ 1

Question 0

6 marks

All automatic control systems in the body contain receptors, coordination centres and effectors.

(a)

What is an effector?

/ 2

(b)

After a meal the concentration of glucose in the blood rises. The body responds to bring the concentration back down.

Name the coordination centre and one effector in this control system.

Coordination centre ____________________

Effector ____________________

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(c)

Homeostasis maintains optimum conditions for enzyme action.

Explain why this is important for cells.

/ 2

Question 0

5 marks

Two people were each given a drink containing $75\ \text{g}$ of glucose.

Person A does not have diabetes. Person B has Type 1 diabetes and had not taken any insulin that morning.

Table 1 shows the concentration of glucose in their blood for the 2 hours after the drink.

Table 1

Time after drink in minutes	Blood glucose concentration of person A in mmol/dm $^3$	Blood glucose concentration of person B in mmol/dm $^3$
0	4.5	8.0
30	7.2	12.4
60	6.4	15.1
90	5.3	16.0
120	4.6	14.8

(a)

Give the blood glucose concentration of person A 60 minutes after the drink.

/ 1

(b)

Calculate the percentage increase in the blood glucose concentration of person B between 0 minutes and 90 minutes.

/ 2

(c)

Explain why the blood glucose concentration of person B stayed high after the drink.

/ 2

Question 0

6 marks

There are two main types of diabetes.

(a)

Compare the cause of Type 1 diabetes with the cause of Type 2 diabetes.

/ 2

(b)

Name the treatment normally used for Type 1 diabetes.

/ 1

(c)

Insulin is a protein. It cannot be taken as a tablet.

Suggest why.

/ 1

(d)

Give two treatments commonly used for Type 2 diabetes.

/ 2

Question 0

5 marks

The kidneys produce urine from the blood.

Table 2 shows the concentration of four substances in the blood plasma entering a kidney, in the filtrate produced in the kidney, and in the urine leaving the kidney.

Table 2

Substance	Concentration in blood plasma in g/dm $^3$	Concentration in filtrate in g/dm $^3$	Concentration in urine in g/dm $^3$
Protein	80.0	0.0	0.0
Glucose	1.0	1.0	0.0
Ions	7.2	7.2	13.0
Urea	0.3	0.3	20.0

(a)

Suggest why there is no protein in the filtrate.

/ 1

(b)

Explain why glucose is present in the filtrate but is not present in the urine.

/ 2

(c)

The concentration of urea in the urine is much higher than the concentration of urea in the filtrate.

Explain why.

/ 2

Question 0

5 marks

A man has kidney failure. He is treated using dialysis three times each week while he waits for a kidney transplant.

(a)

Describe how a dialysis machine removes urea from the blood but does not remove useful substances such as glucose.

/ 3

(b)

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of having a kidney transplant compared with continuing with dialysis.

/ 2

Question 0

4 marks

The body is coordinated by both the nervous system and the endocrine system.

(a)

A hormone released by the pituitary gland travels in the blood to the thyroid gland and causes it to release thyroxine.

Use this example to explain why the pituitary gland is described as a 'master gland'.

/ 2

(b)

Give two ways in which coordination by the endocrine system is different from coordination by the nervous system.

/ 2

Question 0

4 marks

A student drinks $2\ \text{dm}^3$ of water in a short time. The water is absorbed into her blood and the blood plasma becomes more dilute than normal.

(a)

Explain the effect on her body cells if the dilute blood plasma is not corrected.

/ 3

(b)

Name the organ that removes the excess water from her blood.

/ 1

Question 0

6 marks

A person eats a large meal containing a lot of carbohydrate at 1 pm. They then do not eat again until 7 pm. Throughout this time their blood glucose concentration stays close to $5\ \text{mmol/dm}^3$ .

Explain how the hormones released by the pancreas keep the blood glucose concentration close to $5\ \text{mmol/dm}^3$ between 1 pm and 7 pm.

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Question 0

6 marks

A runner completes a marathon on a hot day. She sweats a great deal during the race and drinks nothing until she finishes.

(a)

Explain how the hormone ADH changes the volume and concentration of urine produced by the runner during the race.

/ 4

(b)

After the race the runner drinks $1.5\ \text{dm}^3$ of water.

Explain how negative feedback prevents the water content of her blood from becoming too high.

/ 2

Question 0

5 marks

A body builder changes to a diet containing a much larger mass of protein each day.

(a)

Describe what happens in the liver to the excess amino acids produced by digesting the protein.

/ 3

(b)

Predict the effect of the new diet on the concentration of urea in his urine. Explain your answer.

/ 2

Cell Biology

Organisation

Infection & Response

Bioenergetics

Homeostasis & Response

Inheritance, Variation & Evolution

Ecology

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