Cell Structure Practice Questions

Name the structure labelled X.

Structure Z allows this bacterium to move.

Name structure Z.

Which sub-cellular structure is found in this bacterium?

A mitochondria

B chloroplasts

C ribosomes

D a nucleus

Name structure A.

State the function of structure B, the permanent vacuole.

State the function of structure C, the cell wall.

The student uses an eyepiece lens of $\times 15$ and an objective lens of $\times 60$.

Calculate the total magnification of the image seen by the student.

At this magnification, the image of one cheek cell is $18\ \mathrm{mm}$ long.

Calculate the actual length of this cheek cell.

Give your answer in $\mu\mathrm{m}$.

.............................................................. $\mu\mathrm{m}$

The student then adds a drop of iodine solution to the onion epidermis.

State why the iodine solution is added.

Describe how the student should place the coverslip onto the slide.

Describe how the student should focus the microscope on the onion cells.

A human cheek cell has a diameter of $0.06\ \mathrm{mm}$.

Convert this diameter into micrometres ($\mu\mathrm{m}$).

.............................................................. $\mu\mathrm{m}$

A ribosome has a diameter of $25\ \mathrm{nm}$.

Give this diameter in metres, in standard form.

.............................................................. $\mathrm{m}$

Which prefix means $10^{-12}$?

A milli

B micro

C nano

D pico

State the function of the acrosome in a sperm cell.

The nucleus of a sperm cell is haploid.

Explain why this is important.

Explain how the tail and the mitochondria of a sperm cell are adaptations for fertilisation.

Explain how the nutrients stored in the cytoplasm of an egg cell are an adaptation to its function.

Explain why the change in the cell membrane of the egg cell after fertilisation is important.

Explain how ciliated epithelial cells help to protect the lungs from infection.

In people who smoke, the cilia on these cells are damaged.

Suggest one effect this has on the airways of a person who smokes.

Calculate the actual length of the mitochondrion in millimetres.

Give your answer in standard form.

.............................................................. $\mathrm{mm}$

Give the actual length of the mitochondrion in micrometres ($\mu\mathrm{m}$).

.............................................................. $\mu\mathrm{m}$

State what is meant by the resolution of a microscope.

Explain how the development of the electron microscope has increased scientists' understanding of sub-cellular structures.

Calculate how many times more mitochondria a heart muscle cell has than a skin cell.

Explain why a heart muscle cell contains many more mitochondria than a skin cell.

Calculate how many times greater the diameter of the liver cell is than the length of the E. coli cell.

Compare the sub-cellular structures of an E. coli cell with those of a human liver cell.

Show that the volume of one liver cell is approximately $8 \times 10^{-6}\ \mathrm{mm}^{3}$.

Estimate the number of liver cells in the $1\ \mathrm{cm}^{3}$ block of tissue.

Give your answer in standard form.

Give two ways the student could improve this scientific drawing.

In the student's drawing, one cell is $75\ \mathrm{mm}$ long. The actual length of this cell is $0.25\ \mathrm{mm}$.

Calculate the magnification of the student's drawing.