Ionic Bonding Practice Questions

Which of the following is the correct meaning of the word ion?

• A an atom that has gained or lost neutrons
• B an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge
• C an atom that has gained or lost protons
• D a group of atoms with no overall charge

Complete the table to give the formula of the ion formed by each element.

element	group	formula of ion
lithium	1
calcium	2
oxygen	6
bromine	7

Explain, in terms of electrons, why a bromine atom forms an ion with a charge of $1-$.

Calcium reacts with chlorine to form calcium chloride.

Explain what the ending –ide tells you about calcium chloride.

Copper carbonate contains copper, carbon and oxygen.

Explain what the ending –ate tells you about copper carbonate.

A student writes:

"Zinc sulfide contains the elements zinc, sulfur and oxygen."

Explain why the student is not correct.

Give the electronic configuration of the calcium ion and of the fluoride ion in calcium fluoride.

calcium ion: .....................................................

fluoride ion: .....................................................

Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the bonding in calcium fluoride.

Show only the outer shell electrons, and include the charge on each ion.

Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each ion.

ion	atomic number	mass number	protons	neutrons	electrons
$\mathrm{Al^{3+}}$	13	27
$\mathrm{Br^{-}}$	35	81
$\mathrm{S^{2-}}$	16	32

Explain why the mass number of an ion is the same as the mass number of the atom it is formed from.

An ion of element X has a charge of $1+$. It contains 10 electrons and 12 neutrons.

Deduce the atomic number and the mass number of element X.

Deduce the formula of magnesium hydroxide.

Deduce the formula of aluminium sulfate.

Deduce the formula of iron(III) nitrate.

The formula of scandium carbonate is $\mathrm{Sc_2(CO_3)_3}$.

Deduce the charge on a scandium ion.

Give the name of this type of structure.

Describe how the ions are arranged and held together in solid sodium chloride.

A crystal of sodium chloride has no overall charge.

Explain why.

Lithium burns in oxygen to form lithium oxide, $\mathrm{Li_2O}$, which is an ionic compound.

The electronic configuration of a lithium atom is 2.1 and the electronic configuration of an oxygen atom is 2.6.

Explain how the ions in lithium oxide are formed from lithium atoms and oxygen atoms, and describe the structure of solid lithium oxide.