Bonding & Substance Properties Practice Questions

Question 1

4 marks

Table 1 shows the melting points and boiling points of four substances.

Table 1

Substance	Melting point in °C	Boiling point in °C
Ethanol	–114	78
Sulfur	115	445
Mercury	–39	357
Nitrogen	–210	–196

(a)

Name the change of state that happens when a liquid turns into a gas at its boiling point.

/ 1

(b)

Which substance in Table 1 is a gas at 20 °C?

/ 1

(c)

Predict the state of sulfur at 200 °C.

Use Table 1 to give a reason for your answer.

/ 2

Question 2

4 marks

State symbols are used in chemical equations to show the state of each substance.

(a)

Zinc reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to produce a solution of zinc sulfate and hydrogen gas.

Complete the equation below by adding the correct state symbols.

$\mathrm{Zn}(\ldots) + \mathrm{H_2SO_4}(\ldots) \rightarrow \mathrm{ZnSO_4}(\ldots) + \mathrm{H_2}(\ldots)$

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(b)

Potassium hydroxide solution reacts with dilute nitric acid to produce potassium nitrate solution and water.

Complete the equation below by adding the correct state symbols.

$\mathrm{KOH}(\ldots) + \mathrm{HNO_3}(\ldots) \rightarrow \mathrm{KNO_3}(\ldots) + \mathrm{H_2O}(\ldots)$

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Question 3

4 marks

Copper is used for the wires in electrical cables and for the bases of saucepans.

(a)

Name the type of bonding in copper.

/ 1

(b)

Explain why copper is a good conductor of electricity.

/ 2

(c)

Copper is also a good conductor of thermal energy.

Give the reason why.

/ 1

Question 4

4 marks

Figure 1 shows the structures of three different substances, A, B and C.

Diagrams not to scale

(a)

Match each structure in Figure 1 to its name.

Choose from:

giant ionic lattice
metal
polymer

Structure A is a ......................

Structure B is a ......................

Structure C is a ......................

/ 3

(b)

Which structure, A, B or C, does not conduct electricity when solid but does conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

/ 1

Question 0

6 marks

Potassium chloride is an ionic compound. It has a giant ionic lattice structure and a melting point of 770 °C.

(a)

Explain why potassium chloride has a high melting point.

/ 3

(b)

Solid potassium chloride does not conduct electricity, but potassium chloride solution does conduct electricity.

Explain why.

/ 3

Question 0

5 marks

Ammonia, $\mathrm{NH_3}$ , consists of small molecules. The atoms in each ammonia molecule are joined by strong covalent bonds.

The boiling point of ammonia is –33 °C.

(a)

Explain why ammonia has a low boiling point, even though the covalent bonds in an ammonia molecule are strong.

/ 3

(b)

Liquid ammonia does not conduct electricity.

Explain why.

/ 2

Question 0

6 marks

Table 2 shows the boiling points of five alkanes. Alkanes are molecular substances.

Table 2

Alkane	Formula	Boiling point in °C
Methane	$\mathrm{CH_4}$	–162
Ethane	$\mathrm{C_2H_6}$	–89
Propane	$\mathrm{C_3H_8}$	–42
Butane	$\mathrm{C_4H_{10}}$	–1
Pentane	$\mathrm{C_5H_{12}}$	36

(a)

Give the names of the alkanes in Table 2 that are gases at 20 °C.

/ 1

(b)

Explain the trend in the boiling points of the alkanes shown in Table 2.

/ 3

(c)

A student said:

'When pentane boils, the covalent bonds break.'

Explain why the student is not correct.

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Question 0

5 marks

Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. Bronze is harder than pure copper.

Figure 2 shows the arrangement of atoms in pure copper and in bronze.

Diagram not to scale

(a)

Use Figure 2 to explain why pure copper can easily be bent and shaped.

/ 2

(b)

Use Figure 2 to explain why bronze is harder than pure copper.

/ 2

(c)

Bronze still conducts electricity well.

Give the reason why.

/ 1

Question 0

5 marks

Figure 3 shows a simple particle model of the three states of matter for water.

(a)

Name the change of state that takes place when the gas changes into the liquid.

/ 1

(b)

Explain, in terms of particles, why energy must be transferred to solid water (ice) in order to melt it.

/ 2

(c)

Give two limitations of the simple particle model shown in Figure 3.

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Question 0

5 marks

Figure 4 shows a molecule of ethene and part of a poly(ethene) molecule.

(a)

Give one piece of evidence from Figure 4 that shows poly(ethene) is a polymer.

/ 1

(b)

Ethene is a gas at room temperature, but poly(ethene) is a solid at room temperature.

Explain why, in terms of structure and bonding.

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Question 0

6 marks

Table 3 gives information about three substances: sodium chloride, iodine and magnesium.

Table 3

Substance	Melting point in °C	Conducts electricity as a solid	Conducts electricity when molten
Sodium chloride	801	no	yes
Iodine	114	no	no
Magnesium	650	yes	yes

Compare the structure and bonding of sodium chloride, iodine and magnesium.

Use your answer to explain the data in Table 3.

[6 marks]

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Question 0

8 marks

Table 4 shows some properties of four substances, W, X, Y and Z.

Table 4

Substance	Melting point in °C	Boiling point in °C	Electrical conductivity as a solid	Electrical conductivity as a liquid
W	801	1413	poor	good
X	–7	59	poor	poor
Y	1538	2861	good	good
Z	1610	2230	poor	poor

(a)

Which substance, W, X, Y or Z, has a giant ionic lattice structure?

Use Table 4 to give two reasons for your choice.

/ 2

(b)

Explain how the data in Table 4 shows that substance Y is a metal.

/ 2

(c)

Substance Z has a giant covalent structure.

Explain why Z has a very high melting point but does not conduct electricity.

/ 3

(d)

What is the state of substance X at 20 °C?

/ 1

Atomic Structure & the Periodic Table

Bonds, Structure & Properties of Matter

Quantitative Chemistry

Chemical Changes

Energy Changes

Chemical Change: Rate & Extent

Organic Chemistry

Chemical Analysis

Chemistry of the Atmosphere

Using Resources

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