Figure 1 shows measurements taken of two different wave types at the same beach on two separate days.
| Wave A | Wave B | |
|---|---|---|
| Average wave height | 0.6 m | 3.4 m |
| Average wavelength | 70 m | 18 m |
| Waves breaking per minute | 7 | 13 |
| Swash and backwash | strong swash, weak backwash | weak swash, strong backwash |
Using Figure 1, state which wave, A or B, is more likely to remove material from the beach. Give one reason for your answer, using evidence from Figure 1.
Figure 2 is a photograph of a 25 m high cliff made of boulder clay on a stretch of UK coastline. The photograph shows a curved scar near the top of the cliff and a large block of saturated clay that has moved downwards towards the beach. Grass and small bushes are still growing on the top of the block, which now tilts backwards towards the cliff.
Using Figure 2, name the type of mass movement that has affected this cliff and give one piece of evidence from the photograph to support your answer.
Figure 3 shows information taken from an Ordnance Survey 1:50 000 map extract of part of a UK coastline.
| Feature on the map | Six-figure grid reference |
|---|---|
| Lighthouse | 305 825 |
| Stack | 312 831 |
| Car park | 335 825 |
| Sand dunes | 348 812 |
Using Figure 3:
(i) State the feature found in grid square 3082.
(ii) Calculate the straight-line distance, in kilometres, between the lighthouse and the car park.
Figure 4 is a photograph taken on a shingle beach in a bay on a UK coastline. In the foreground, at the downdrift (eastern) end of the bay, the pebbles are small, smooth and rounded. The caption explains that at the western end of the same bay, where a cliff of exactly the same rock type is being eroded, the beach material is large and angular.
Using Figure 4, suggest why the beach material at the eastern end of the bay is smaller and more rounded than the material at the western end.
