Key Terms: Physical Landscapes in the UK Practice Questions

Question 1

3 marks

This question is about waves and coastal processes.

(a)

Which statement best describes a constructive wave?

Shade one circle only.

A. A high wave with a short wavelength and a strong backwash
B. A low wave with a long wavelength and a strong swash
C. A wave with a frequency of 10–14 waves per minute
D. A wave created by a distant storm that removes material from the beach

/ 1

(b)

Give the meaning of the term hydraulic power.

/ 1

(c)

Give the meaning of the term attrition.

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Question 2

4 marks

The table shows six geographical terms used in the study of river landscapes.

Letter	Term
A	Watershed
B	Discharge
C	Lag time
D	Meander
E	Estuary
F	Levée

Write the correct letter next to each definition below.

Definition	Letter
The volume of water passing a given point in a river per second
The boundary of high land separating one drainage basin from another
The time taken between peak precipitation and peak discharge
The tidal mouth of a river, where fresh water meets salt water

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Question 3

3 marks

This question is about processes in glacial environments.

(a)

Give the meaning of the term freeze-thaw weathering.

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(b)

Name the process of glacial erosion in which meltwater freezes onto the rock beneath a glacier and pulls pieces of rock away as the ice moves.

/ 1

Question 4

3 marks

This question is about the physical landscapes of the UK.

(a)

Give the meaning of the term relief.

/ 1

(b)

Which of the following is an upland area of the UK?

Shade one circle only.

A. The Fens
B. The Cambrian Mountains
C. The Somerset Levels
D. The Wash

/ 1

(c)

Give the meaning of the term drainage basin.

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Question 5

3 marks

This question is about mass movement and coastal management terms.

(a)

Give the meaning of the term mass movement.

/ 1

(b)

Which type of mass movement is described below?

Saturated soil and weak rock move downwards along a curved surface, leaving a rotated, stepped cliff face.

Shade one circle only.

A. Rock fall
B. Sliding
C. Slumping
D. Solution

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(c)

Give the meaning of the term managed retreat.

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Question 0

4 marks

Some geographical terms are easily confused.

(a)

Explain the difference between weathering and erosion.

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(b)

Explain the difference between abrasion and attrition.

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Question 0

6 marks

Figure 1 is a storm hydrograph for a small river basin in the UK. Rainfall from the storm peaked at 14:00 and the peak discharge was recorded at 20:00.

Figure 1

(a)

Give the meaning of the term discharge, including the units in which it is measured.

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(b)

Name the features of the hydrograph labelled A, B and C in Figure 1.

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(c)

Using the information given above Figure 1, state the lag time for this storm.

/ 1

Question 0

3 marks

This question is about glacial deposition.

(a)

Explain the difference between till and outwash.

/ 2

(b)

Give the meaning of the term moraine.

/ 1

Question 0

4 marks

A photograph shows a long, narrow ridge of sand and shingle joined to the land at one end. It extends out from the end of a headland and across the mouth of a river, with a curved, hooked end. Sheltered salt marsh has developed behind it.

(a)

Name the coastal landform shown in the photograph.

/ 1

(b)

Name the process that transports sand and shingle along this stretch of coastline.

/ 1

(c)

Give the meaning of the term deposition.

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(d)

Name the landform described below.

A gently sloping, rocky surface at the base of a cliff, exposed at low tide.

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Question 0

6 marks

Below is an extract from a student's fieldwork notes about a river in an upland area of the UK.

"In the upper course the river was cutting downwards into its bed by lateral erosion, which had created a steep-sided, V-shaped valley. Large angular boulders were being rolled along the river bed by saltation. Minerals that had dissolved into the water from the surrounding limestone were being carried downstream in suspension."

The three terms in bold have all been used incorrectly.

For each one, state the process the student has actually described and give the correct term.

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The Challenge of Natural Hazards

The Living World

Physical Landscapes in the UK

Urban Issues & Challenges

The Changing Economic World

The Challenge of Resource Management

Issues Evaluation

Fieldwork

Geographical Skills

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

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