Establishing control Flashcards

All 7 cards in this deck

What was the submission of the earls in 1066?

Leading Anglo-Saxons — Edwin, Morcar, Edgar the Aethling and Archbishop Ealdred of York — surrendered to William at Berkhamsted and accepted him as king.

What were the Marcher earldoms?

Earldoms set up to control England's border with Wales; their earls had special rights, such as building castles without the king's permission and creating boroughs.

What were the first Norman castles in England like?

Motte and bailey castles of earth and wood, built very quickly, often by peasant labour; the bailey was an enclosed area holding houses and stables.

True or false? Norman castles were built only on England's borders and coasts, to protect against invasion.

False. Many were built inside England, e.g. at Exeter, Nottingham and York, to control areas where there had been Anglo-Saxon rebellions.

Which Marcher earldoms were given to William FitzOsbern, Roger de Montgomery and Hugh d'Avranches?

Hereford (FitzOsbern), Shrewsbury (Montgomery) and Chester (d'Avranches): all three had supported William's invasion.

Give one reason the English leaders submitted to William in 1066 instead of fighting on.

Any one of: many of England's best warriors had died at Hastings; William's army circled London, threatening to cut off its supplies; William held the royal treasury, leaving Edgar the Aethling nothing to reward followers with.

In a motte and bailey castle, what were the motte and the keep?

The motte was an artificial earth mound, usually 5–7 metres high. The keep was the wooden tower built on top of it, serving as a lookout and the defenders' last refuge.