Malcolm X and Black Power, 1963–70 Flashcards

All 7 cards in this deck

Who was Malcolm X and what did he believe?

The leading spokesman of the Nation of Islam (Black Muslims), who rejected integration and non-violence and argued for Black separatism, Black pride and self-defence (later summed up in his phrase 'by any means necessary', after he left the Nation of Islam in 1964).

How did Malcolm X's attitude change after 1964?

After leaving the Nation of Islam and making the pilgrimage to Mecca he accepted that Black and white people could work together. He was assassinated by Nation of Islam members in February 1965.

Who was Stokely Carmichael?

The SNCC leader who popularised the slogan 'Black Power' in 1966, after becoming frustrated with non-violence and the slow progress of civil rights.

What happened at the Mexico Olympics in 1968?

Tommie Smith and John Carlos gave the Black Power salute on the medal podium, giving Black Power international publicity as a worldwide concept.

What were the two main types of method used by the Black Panther Party?

Armed patrols to monitor and confront the police over brutality, and community social programmes such as free breakfasts for children.

How did Malcolm X become involved with the Nation of Islam?

Born Malcolm Little, he converted while in prison for burglary (1946–52). He replaced his surname with 'X', rejecting the name given to his enslaved ancestors, and became its leading preacher after his release.

Who founded the Black Panther Party, and when and where?

Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, in Oakland, California, in October 1966. Both had been influenced by Malcolm X.