Approaches to prevention and treatment Flashcards

All 9 cards in this deck

What did Florence Nightingale publish in 1859?

Notes on Nursing, the foundation for improved nursing care and the professionalisation of nursing.

Why did Nightingale insist on cleanliness and ventilation in hospitals?

She believed disease was caused by miasma; it did improve the standard of care.

What impact did the development of anaesthetics (1846) have on surgery?

Patients were more willing to have surgery, and longer, more complex operations beyond amputations became possible.

What impact did antiseptics have on surgery in the nineteenth century?

They greatly reduced infection — a major cause of death after operations — so operations became safer and survival rates improved.

What did the Public Health Act of 1875 make compulsory?

Local councils had to provide clean water and deal with sewage and rubbish.

Why was the 1875 Public Health Act significant for prevention?

It showed central government taking responsibility for public health nationwide, so policies could be enforced everywhere.

In which years was smallpox vaccination made compulsory, and then enforced?

Compulsory in 1852, enforced in 1872.

What did the Royal Jennerian Society do?

It made smallpox vaccination freely available, so prevention could take place on a wide scale.

What antiseptic did Joseph Lister use from 1865, and how?

Carbolic acid: on dressings, wounds and instruments, and later as a spray. Deaths from infection after operations on his wards fell sharply.