differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Simply put, prokaryotic cells are simple cells in which they do not have complex structures in them. Eukaryotic cells are more developed cells with more complex organelles and are able to perform advanced functions.

Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane bound organelles whereas eukaryotic cells do. Additionally, prokaryotic cells are unicellular whereas eukaryotic cells are multicellular. Furthermore, prokaryotic genetic material is circular whereas eukaryotic cells is linear.

• prokaryotic cells have a cell wall made of murein while eukaryotic cells have a cell wall made of cellulose/chitin
• Prokaryotic cells have no membrane bound organelles while eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles
• prokaryotic cells have circular DNA while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
• Prokaryotic cells have 70S ribosomes while eukaryotic cells have 80S ribosomes

hope this helps!!

Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane and are always a part of unicellular organisms , whereas eukaryotic cells are membrane-bound organisms and are mutlicelluar.

Nucleus:

Prokaryotic: Lacks a true nucleus; genetic material is in the nucleoid region.

Eukaryotic: Contains a well-defined nucleus where genetic material is enclosed in a membrane.

Membrane-Bound Organelles:

Prokaryotic: Lacks membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic: Contains various membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and more.

Cell Size:

Prokaryotic: Generally smaller in size (1-5 micrometers).

Eukaryotic: Typically larger and more complex (10-100 micrometers).

Cell Division:

Prokaryotic: Reproduces through binary fission.

Eukaryotic: Undergoes mitosis or meiosis for cell division.

Genetic Material:

Prokaryotic: Usually a single, circular DNA molecule.

Eukaryotic: Multiple linear DNA molecules associated with histone proteins.

Ribosomes:

Prokaryotic: Smaller ribosomes (70S).

Eukaryotic: Larger ribosomes (80S).

Cell Wall:

Prokaryotic: May have a rigid cell wall made of peptidoglycan.

Eukaryotic: Plant cells have a cellulose cell wall; animal cells lack a cell wall.

Flagella:

Prokaryotic: Simpler flagella.

Eukaryotic: More complex flagella composed of microtubules.

Reproduction:

Prokaryotic: Asexual reproduction is common.

Eukaryotic: Reproduction can be both asexual and sexual.

Hi Elizabeth!

The main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is how they store their DNA. Whilst eukaryotes contain this within a nucleus, prokaryotes contain a free-floating loop of DNA with plasmids. Prokaryotes are also usually single-celled (bacteria etc.), whilst eukaryotes make up multicellular organisms.

Eukaryotic cells contain their DNA in a nucleus and have membrane bound organelles such as the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and lysosome. However, prokaryotic cells contain their DNA in the form of circular DNA free in the cytoplasm and also have DNA in plasmids, which are circular.

Prokaryotes are always unicellular where and eukaryotes and often multicellular organisms. Eukaryotes have a membrane bound nucleus where and prokaryotes don’t, their DNA floats around in the cytoplasm. They also have plasmid that float in the cytoplasm and they plasmid tend to code for things such as antibiotic resistance. The nucleus is only one of many membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotes. Prokaryotes, on the other hand, have no membrane-bound organelles. Another important difference is the DNA structure. Eukaryote DNA consists of multiple molecules of double- stranded linear DNA, while that of prokaryotes is double stranded and circular.

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles (such as the nucleus and mitochondria), while prokaryotic cells do not. DNA in eukaryotic cells is found inside the nucleus, while DNA in prokaryotic cells is located in the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells are generally larger (Most are 5 μm – 100 μm)

and more complex than prokaryotic cells (Most are 0.2 μm – 2.0 μm). Most prokaryotic cells divide by the process of binary fission, whereas in eukaryotes, cell division occurs by mitosis.

Prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller compared to eukaryotic cells. They lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. On the other hand, eukaryotic cells are more complex and larger. They have a true nucleus that houses the genetic material and various membrane-bound organelles that perform specific functions. Another difference is that prokaryotic cells have circular DNA, while eukaryotic cells have linear DNA. Prokaryotes are typically single-celled organisms, like bacteria, while eukaryotes can be single-celled or multicellular, like plants, animals, and fungi.

Prokaryotic cell is a single -celled organism which lacks a nucleus and other cell organelles

while Eukaryotic cells are which are bounded with cell membrane and contains a nucleus

Prokaryotic cell:

1. Cells that lack a well-defined nucleus are called prokaryotic cells.
2. Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound nuclei or organelles.
3. They are unicellular organisms.

Eukaryotic cell:

1. Cells having a well-defined nucleus are called eukaryotic cells.
2. They contain a nucleus and organelles which are bound by plasma membranes.
3. They are usually multicellular organisms.

the prokaryotic cells do not contain any nucleus yet the eukaryotic cells contain nucleus.

Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Their DNA is circular. Eukaryotic cells, found in plants and animals, have a true nucleus enclosed in a nuclear membrane, with linear DNA forming chromosomes. They also contain membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum. Prokaryotic cells are smaller, around 0.5 to 5 micrometres, and divide by binary fission. Eukaryotic cells are larger, with a diameter of 10 to 100 micrometres, and divide by mitosis or meiosis.

Eukaryotic cells (plants & animals)

• These contain a nucleus
• They have membrane bound organelles (e.g. mitochondria, chloroplasts)

Prokaryotic cells (bacteria)

• Smaller
• No nucleus
• Contain plasmids
• Contains flagellum
• DNA is circular & smaller
• No membrane bound organelles