Building an Argument Flashcards
All 15 cards in this deck
What does a well-built argument paragraph contain?
A topic sentence stating the point, a specific example, an explanation of why it supports your view, and a link to the next step.
Why should an argument deal with the opposing view?
A thoughtful reader expects fairness. Setting out the other side honestly, then explaining why your view is stronger, makes your conclusion convincing.
What does this sentence do? "Some argue that homework teaches discipline. Yet discipline learned under threat of detention is obedience, not self-motivation."
It states a counter-argument and rebuts it by redefining the key term: the "discipline" homework teaches isn't the kind that matters.
How do you stop an argument going round in circles?
Make sure each paragraph moves the argument on (a new reason, a deeper consequence, a tougher objection) rather than restating your main point in new words.
What is a counter-argument?
A fair statement of the opposing view. Including it shows you have thought about the issue and makes you seem reasonable.
What is a rebuttal?
Your response to the counter-argument, explaining why it is wrong or weaker than your view.
How do you turn an abstract point into a concrete one?
Replace a general claim with a specific situation: not "public transport is bad", but "the last bus from my estate leaves at 6.40 pm, stranding anyone on a late shift."
How do the best Paper 2 answers move between big ideas and specific detail?
They state a general view, then drill down to specific examples to develop it. The reverse works too: a personal anecdote should widen out to the bigger picture.
Which discourse markers help you build an argument?
Sequence: firstly, next. Add: moreover. Contrast: however. Concede: admittedly. Conclude: ultimately. They show how each point connects.
What is a reliable structure for an argument on Paper 2?
An introduction with your stance; three or four developed points, each with an example; a counter-argument and rebuttal; a conclusion that links back to your opening.
What is a topic sentence, and why use one?
The first sentence of a paragraph, stating its main point. It keeps the argument clear and helps the reader follow it.
How should you use the planning box for an argument on Paper 2?
Decide your stance; list 3–4 points, each with a concrete example; note one counter-argument; plan an opening and ending that link.
When you're asked to argue, should your answer be one-sided or balanced?
It can be one-sided, but acknowledging the other view (then rebutting it) makes it stronger. Balance means a clear view that deals with objections, not switching sides.
What is a concession, and why does it help?
Admitting part of the other side is true ("Admittedly, cars are convenient…") before going on. It shows nuance, which marks out the complex ideas rewarded at the top levels.
Why is "Social media is bad for everyone" a weak argument, and how could it improve?
It is absolute and abstract. Qualify and specify: "For a thirteen-year-old already anxious about their looks, an endless feed of filtered faces can turn worry into shame."