Covalent Bonding Flashcards
All 11 cards in this deck
What is a covalent bond?
A shared pair of electrons between two atoms.
What type of particle is formed when atoms join by covalent bonding?
Molecules.
e.g. ,What holds the two atoms together in a covalent bond?
The strong electrostatic attraction between the shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of both atoms.
True or false? Covalent bonds form between a metal atom and a non-metal atom.
False. Covalent bonds form between non-metal atoms; a metal with a non-metal gives ionic bonding.
True or false? In covalent bonding one atom transfers electrons to the other atom.
False. The electrons are shared, not transferred; transfer of electrons is ionic bonding.
What are the steps to deduce the number of covalent bonds an atom forms from its group in the periodic table?
e.g. nitrogen, group 5- Read the group number to get the outer electrons: nitrogen has 5.
- Subtract from 8 (or from 2 for hydrogen): .
- That is the number of covalent bonds: nitrogen forms 3.
What is the typical size (order of magnitude) of an atom or small molecule, in standard form?
About m (0.1 nm).
What are the steps to draw a dot and cross diagram of a simple molecule?
e.g. hydrogen chloride, HCl- Write the outer electrons of each atom, using dots for one atom and crosses for the other: H has 1, Cl has 7.
- Overlap the outer shells and put a shared pair in the overlap for each bond: 1 shared pair.
- Draw the remaining outer electrons as pairs on each atom: Cl keeps 3 lone pairs.
In a dot and cross diagram of water, how many bonding pairs and how many lone (non-bonding) pairs are on the oxygen atom?
2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs.
What is a double covalent bond?
Two shared pairs of electrons (4 electrons) between two atoms.
e.g. the bond in an oxygen molecule,True or false? In a dot and cross diagram of methane, the carbon atom is shown with 8 electrons in its outer shell.
True. Its own 4 outer electrons plus 1 from each of the 4 hydrogen atoms make 8.