Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil Flashcards

All 10 cards in this deck

Which property of hydrocarbons is used to separate crude oil by fractional distillation?

Their boiling points.

Where in the fractionating column are hydrocarbons with the highest boiling points collected?

At the bottom of the column.

True or false? Fractional distillation separates crude oil into pure single compounds.

False. It separates crude oil into fractions, which are simpler, more useful mixtures.

Name the crude oil fraction used as fuel for cars, and the fraction used as fuel for aircraft.

Petrol for cars; kerosene for aircraft.

Give a use of the bitumen fraction.

Surfacing roads (and roofs).

How do hydrocarbons with longer carbon chains compare with shorter ones in boiling point, viscosity and ease of ignition?

Higher boiling point, higher viscosity and harder to ignite.

Give a use of the fuel oil fraction.

Fuel for large ships and in some power stations.

Give a use of the diesel oil fraction.

Fuel for some cars and trains (also lorries, tractors).

Give a use of the gases fraction from crude oil.

Domestic heating and cooking.

How does the temperature vary inside a fractionating column?

It is hottest at the bottom and gets cooler towards the top (a temperature gradient).