Ionic Bonding Flashcards

All 14 cards in this deck

What is an ion?

An atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge.

What are the names for a positively charged ion and a negatively charged ion?

Positive ion = cation; negative ion = anion.

What charge does an ion of an element in group 1, 2, 6 or 7 have?

Group 1: $+$, group 2: $2+$, group 6: $2-$, group 7: $-$.

How do you find the number of electrons in a simple ion?

Positive ion: electrons = atomic number − size of the charge.
Negative ion: electrons = atomic number + size of the charge.

What is an ionic bond?

A strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions (cations and anions).

True or false? In ionic bonding, electrons are transferred from the non-metal atom to the metal atom.

False. Electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal: metals lose electrons, non-metals gain electrons.

What type of structure do ionic compounds have?

A giant ionic lattice: a regular arrangement of ions held together by strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions.

What does the ending –ate in the name of a compound tell you?

The compound contains that element combined with oxygen.
e.g. sodium sulfate contains sodium, sulfur and oxygen.

True or false? The compound made of $\mathrm{NH_4^+}$ ions and $\mathrm{NO_3^-}$ ions is called ammonia nitrate.

False. It is called ammonium nitrate (formula $\mathrm{NH_4NO_3}$).

What are the steps to deduce the formula of an ionic compound from its ions?
e.g. sodium sulfate, from $\mathrm{Na^+}$ and $\mathrm{SO_4^{2-}}$

1. Write the charge on each ion: $+$ and $2-$.
2. Choose the fewest ions that make the total charge zero: two $\mathrm{Na^+}$ to one $\mathrm{SO_4^{2-}}$.
3. Write the symbols with subscript numbers and no charges: $\mathrm{Na_2SO_4}$.

What are the steps to draw a dot and cross diagram for the ions in sodium chloride?

e.g. NaCl, from Na (2.8.1) and Cl (2.8.7)

1. Draw the outer shells: Na with 1 dot, Cl with 7 crosses.
2. Transfer the outer electron to the chlorine shell, giving 8 electrons.
3. Put each ion in square brackets with its charge: $[\mathrm{Na}]^+$ and $[\mathrm{Cl}]^-$.

In a dot and cross diagram, why are one atom's electrons drawn as dots and the other's as crosses?

To show which atom each electron came from.

The electrons themselves are identical.

What does the ending –ide in the name of a compound tell you about its negative ion?

The negative ion is made of just one element, e.g. chloride is $\mathrm{Cl^-}$ and oxide is $\mathrm{O^{2-}}$.
Hydroxide, $\mathrm{OH^-}$, is the exception: it contains oxygen and hydrogen.

Why do atoms of elements in groups 1, 2, 6 and 7 lose or gain electrons to form ions?

To get a full outer shell of electrons: a stable electronic configuration, like that of a noble gas.