Respiration Flashcards
All 17 cards in this deck
What is cellular respiration?
An exothermic reaction, occurring continuously in all living cells, that transfers energy from glucose for living processes.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
Symbol:
Give three uses of the energy transferred by respiration.
Chemical reactions to build larger molecules, movement (muscle contraction), and keeping warm.
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?
glucose lactic acid
What are the products of anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide (glucose ethanol + carbon dioxide).
In yeast this is called fermentation, used in making bread and alcoholic drinks.
True or false? Anaerobic respiration transfers much less energy than aerobic respiration because the oxidation of glucose is incomplete.
True. Without oxygen glucose is only partly broken down, so much less energy is transferred per glucose molecule.
Which three responses of the body increase during exercise, and why?
Heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume increase, to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood.
What happens in muscle cells during exercise if insufficient oxygen is supplied?
They respire anaerobically, causing a build up of lactic acid and creating an oxygen debt.
What is oxygen debt? (HT)
The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells.
What happens to the lactic acid made in muscles during exercise? (HT)
Blood transports it to the liver, where it is converted back into glucose.
True or false? Heart rate and breathing rate return to their resting values as soon as exercise stops.
False. They stay raised for a time to repay the oxygen debt and remove the lactic acid.
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body.
True or false? The reactions of metabolism are controlled by enzymes and use energy transferred by respiration.
True. Metabolism is a continual set of enzyme-controlled processes that synthesise new molecules.
In metabolism, what three substances can glucose be converted into?
Starch, glycogen and cellulose.
Which smaller molecules is a lipid molecule made from?
One molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids.
In plants, which two substances are used to form amino acids?
Glucose and nitrate ions; the amino acids are then used to synthesise proteins.
What happens to excess protein in the body?
It is broken down in the liver to form urea, which is excreted.