Data & Lifestyle Factors Flashcards

All 6 cards in this deck

What are the steps to calculate a percentage decrease in relative risk?

e.g. relative risk falls from $2.5$ to $2.0$

1. Find the decrease: $2.5 - 2.0 = 0.5$
2. Divide by the original value: $0.5 \div 2.5 = 0.2$
3. Multiply by 100: a $20\%$ decrease

What does a positive correlation on a scatter diagram tell you about two variables?

As one variable increases, the other increases as well.
e.g. as cigarettes smoked per day increases, incidence of lung cancer increases.

Give three features of an epidemiological study that make its data valid.

A large number of people in the sample, a long-term study, and other factors well controlled.

Give one reason why data from a survey asking people about their alcohol consumption may reduce the validity of a study.

People may under-estimate, over-estimate or lie about how much they drink.
They may also change their drinking habits over time.

Give one financial cost of non-communicable diseases to a nation.

The cost to the health service of treating patients (medication, surgery, hospital stays).
Also lost productivity when people take time off work.

Give one human cost of a non-communicable disease to an individual.

Reduced quality of life, e.g. pain or disability, loss of job and income, poorer mental health, or early death.