Mitosis & the Cell Cycle Flashcards

All 7 cards in this deck

Name the type of cell division that produces genetically identical body cells for growth and repair.

Mitosis.

Why are the two cells produced by mitosis genetically identical?

The DNA is replicated first, so one identical set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell.

Why is cell division by mitosis important in multicellular organisms?

For growth and development, and for repairing or replacing damaged cells.
e.g. growth of an embryo, healing of a wound, growth of a plant root tip.

What are the steps to work out the percentage of the cell cycle taken up by one stage?
e.g. a stage lasts 3 hours in a 12-hour cell cycle

1. Divide the stage time by the total cycle time: $3 \div 12 = 0.25$
2. Multiply by 100: $0.25 \times 100 = 25\%$

True or false? Mitosis produces cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

False.
Mitosis produces two cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, genetically identical to it.

What are the steps of the cell cycle that produce two identical cells?

e.g. a skin cell dividing into two

1. Growth: the cell grows, the number of sub-cellular structures (ribosomes, mitochondria) increases and the DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome.
2. Mitosis: one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides.
3. The cytoplasm and cell membranes divide — giving two identical skin cells.

Other than DNA replication, what happens to a cell in the first (growth) stage of the cell cycle?

The cell grows and increases the number of sub-cellular structures such as ribosomes and mitochondria.