Religious Matters Flashcards
All 20 cards in this deck
What did the Act of Supremacy (1559) do?
It made Elizabeth supreme governor (not 'supreme head') of the Church of England, a title more acceptable to Catholics.
What did the Act of Uniformity (1559) do?
It required all church services to follow the format laid out in the Book of Common Prayer.
What is meant by Elizabeth's 'middle way' in religion?
A compromise between Catholics and Protestants intended to appease followers of both.
Why did Puritans object to vestments?
They believed the special vestments priests had to wear were too close to Catholic vestments.
Why did Puritans object to bishops?
Bishops were not mentioned in the Bible, and some Puritans saw them as part of a Catholic-style Church hierarchy.
What is recusancy?
Refusing to attend Church of England services; many Catholic nobles and gentry paid recusancy fines instead.
What was the Douai seminary?
An English seminary in the Spanish Netherlands (now northern France), founded in 1568, that trained Catholic priests and sent them to England, strengthening English Catholicism.
What was the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 1569–70?
A rebellion by the Catholic Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland that aimed to depose Elizabeth and crown Mary, Queen of Scots.
What did the papal bull of 1570 do?
It excommunicated Elizabeth, calling her the 'pretended queen', which encouraged English Catholics to flout the religious settlement and increased the risk of foreign invasion.
Give one political reason the Northern Earls rebelled in 1569.
They resented losing power at court to Elizabeth's Protestant favourites, such as William Cecil and Robert Dudley.
Who were Edmund Campion and Robert Parsons?
The first Jesuit missionary priests to come to England, in 1580, to keep Catholicism alive; Campion was captured and executed in 1581, while Parsons escaped abroad.
What were the Puritans?
'Hotter sort of Protestants', influenced by John Calvin, who wanted simple services, plain clothes and little church decoration, and the Church of England purified of Catholic practices.
What happened to Archbishop Grindal, and what did his successor John Whitgift do?
Grindal refused to suppress prophesyings (Puritan Bible meetings), so Elizabeth suspended him in 1577; after he died in 1583, the harsher Whitgift issued the Three Articles, forcing clergy to accept the bishops, the Prayer Book and the 39 Articles.
True or false? Elizabeth treated the leaders and rebels of the Northern Rebellion leniently.
False. She was ruthless: hundreds of rebels were executed, and the Earl of Northumberland was executed in 1572.
True or false? All Puritans wanted to break away from the Church of England.
False. Most Puritans wanted to reform the Church from within; only a minority were separatists, such as Robert Browne's separatist church set up in Norwich in about 1580.
What did the treason laws of 1571 do?
Passed after the papal bull, they made it treason, punishable by death, to deny Elizabeth was the lawful queen or call her a heretic, and to bring papal bulls into England.
What did the 1581 Act against Catholics do?
It raised the fine for recusancy to £20 a month and made converting someone to Catholicism an act of treason.
What did the 1585 Act Against Jesuits and Seminary Priests do?
It ordered Catholic priests trained abroad to leave England within 40 days, made it treason for them to stay, and made sheltering them a felony.
How did the 1593 law restrict Catholic recusants?
They were forbidden to travel more than five miles from their homes.
What was a priest hole?
A secret hiding place built into a Catholic family's house so that a missionary priest could escape government searchers. The carpenter Nicholas Owen built many.