Divine Right & Parliamentary Authority Flashcards
All 19 cards in this deck
What is meant by the Divine Right of Kings?
The belief that the king was appointed by God and so had a God-given right to rule.
When did the English Civil War begin?
1642, when Charles I raised his standard at Nottingham and went to war against Parliament.
Give one cause of the English Revolution connected to taxation.
Charles I raised taxes such as Ship Money without Parliament's consent during his Personal Rule (1629–40), which many saw as illegal.
What was the New Model Army?
Parliament's full-time professional army, set up in 1645 and commanded by Sir Thomas Fairfax, with Oliver Cromwell leading the cavalry; officers were promoted on merit.
Who were the Levellers?
A radical group of the Civil War era demanding wider political rights; Cromwell did not support them.
What happened at the Battle of Naseby in 1645?
The New Model Army, under Fairfax with Cromwell commanding the cavalry, decisively defeated Charles I's army, effectively winning the first Civil War for Parliament.
True or false? Cromwell's Commonwealth lasted and prevented the return of the monarchy.
False. After Cromwell died in 1658 the republic collapsed, and the monarchy was restored under Charles II in 1660.
True or false? Religion was a motive for the Parliamentary side in the English Civil War.
True. Many Parliamentarians were Puritans who feared Charles I and Archbishop Laud were bringing back Catholic-style worship.
When was Charles I tried and executed?
He was tried in January 1649 as a tyrant and traitor, and executed on 30 January 1649. England then became a republic, the Commonwealth.
Give one long-term impact of the English Revolution.
Although the monarchy was restored in 1660, Charles II had a different relationship with Parliament, with royal power more limited.
What was the Petition of Right (1628)?
A statement Parliament made Charles I accept, saying taxes needed Parliament's consent and people could not be imprisoned without cause. Charles dissolved Parliament in 1629 and ruled without it.
Why was Charles I forced to recall Parliament in 1640?
He needed money for war after the Scots rebelled against the new prayer book he and Archbishop Laud tried to impose on Scotland in 1637.
What happened when Charles I tried to arrest the Five Members in January 1642?
He entered the House of Commons with soldiers to seize five leading MPs, including John Pym, but they had escaped. The humiliation pushed the country towards civil war.
What were the Putney Debates (1647)?
Discussions in which New Model Army soldiers, influenced by the Levellers, argued with their officers, including Cromwell, about the vote; radicals wanted every man to vote, while officers wanted only property owners.
Who were the Diggers?
A radical group led by Gerrard Winstanley who, from 1649, farmed common land together, believing land should be shared and private property abolished.
Who was John Lilburne?
'Freeborn John', a radical pamphleteer whose ideas inspired the Levellers; he argued every free man, rich or poor, should have a vote, and was repeatedly imprisoned.
Which two institutions did Parliament abolish in 1649, after Charles I's execution?
The monarchy and the House of Lords, leaving the Rump of the Commons to govern with a Council of State.
What title did Oliver Cromwell take in 1653?
Lord Protector, after he had dissolved the Rump Parliament by force. He refused the crown in 1657.
What was the Glorious Revolution (1688)?
Parliament invited the Protestant William of Orange and his wife Mary to replace the Catholic James II, on condition they ruled with Parliament; the Bill of Rights (1689) confirmed Parliament's power.