Establishing & Maintaining Control Flashcards
All 20 cards in this deck
What was the submission of the earls in 1066?
Leading Anglo-Saxons — Edwin, Morcar, Edgar the Aethling and Archbishop Ealdred of York — surrendered to William at Berkhamsted and accepted him as king.
Give one reason Earls Edwin and Morcar revolted in 1068.
William reduced the size of their earldoms, so they lost land and status. (Edwin was also angry that William broke his promise that he could marry William's daughter.)
What did Edgar the Aethling do in 1069?
He led rebellion in the North with Danish support; rebels took York, killing about 3,000 Norman soldiers, but the rebels scattered and the Danes withdrew when William marched north.
Who was Hereward the Wake?
An Anglo-Saxon thegn who led the rebellion at Ely, 1070–71, joined by Earl Morcar.
How was the rebellion at Ely (1070–71) defeated?
William paid the Danes to sail home, and local monks betrayed the rebels by showing his forces a secret route through the Fens, so the rebels surrendered.
Give one reason William ordered the Harrying of the North (1069–70).
To take revenge for the northern rebellions and destroy rebel support, so the North could not be used as a base for a Danish invasion.
What did William's forces do during the Harrying of the North (1069–70)?
They burned villages, homes and crops and killed livestock across a large area of northern England.
Give one consequence of the Harrying of the North.
An estimated 100,000 people died from the violence and the famine that followed; some people resorted to cannibalism.
Who led the Revolt of the Earls in 1075?
Ralph de Gael, Earl of East Anglia, and Roger de Breteuil, Earl of Hereford, joined at first by Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria.
Give one reason for the Revolt of the Earls in 1075.
Ralph and Roger resented William reducing the power and rights of their earldoms; they plotted at Ralph's wedding feast, held without William's permission.
Give one reason the Revolt of the Earls (1075) failed.
The Danish fleet sent to help the rebels arrived too late, and then refused to fight William.
True or false? William I left the throne of England to his eldest son, Robert.
False. England went to his second surviving son, William Rufus (William II); Robert received Normandy and Henry was left silver.
What was the rebellion of 1088?
A revolt led by Bishop Odo to make Robert king of England. William Rufus defeated it, and Odo lost his English lands and was exiled.
Why did William I need regents to govern England?
As Duke of Normandy too, he spent long periods across the Channel (up to three-quarters of his last ten years), so trusted men such as Odo, William FitzOsbern and Lanfranc ruled England in his place.
Give one reason William Rufus defeated Odo's rebellion of 1088.
Any one of: Robert Curthose never came from Normandy to back the rebels; many Norman barons and nearly all the bishops stayed loyal to Rufus; English troops, including the fyrd, fought for Rufus.
What was the revolt at Exeter (1068)?
Exeter, where Harold's mother Gytha was living, refused to submit and pay tax; William besieged it for 18 days, took the city and built a castle there.
When did William I die, and who became king of England?
9 September 1087; his second surviving son William Rufus was crowned William II later that month.
True or false? The damage done by the Harrying of the North was repaired within a year or two.
False. Domesday Book (1086) still recorded large parts of Yorkshire as 'waste', some 16 years later.
What happened to Earl Waltheof after the Revolt of the Earls?
Although he had confessed his part to William, he was beheaded at Winchester in 1076. He was the only English earl William I executed.
How did William II gain control of Normandy in 1096?
His elder brother Robert Curthose pledged (pawned) the duchy to him for 10,000 marks, to pay for going on the First Crusade. Rufus then ruled both England and Normandy until his death in 1100.