The Origins of Parliament Flashcards

All 11 cards in this deck

Who was Simon de Montfort?

The Earl of Leicester who led the barons against Henry III and called the Parliament of 1265.

Give one reason the barons were angry with Henry III.

He demanded heavy taxes to pay for the costly Sicilian Business, his scheme to make his son king of Sicily.

What were the Provisions of Oxford (1258)?

Terms forced on Henry III setting up a council of 15 barons to advise the king, with Parliament meeting three times a year.

What was significant about the Parliament of 1265?

It was the first parliament to include elected burgesses from the towns as well as knights from the shires.

True or false? Simon de Montfort used only peaceful means to make Henry III keep to the Provisions of Oxford.

False. When Henry III went back on the Provisions, de Montfort led the barons in war and defeated and captured him at the Battle of Lewes in 1264.

How did Simon de Montfort's rebellion end?

He was defeated and killed by Prince Edward at the Battle of Evesham in 1265.

Why did Henry III's foreign advisers anger the barons?

Henry relied on French relatives, such as his Lusignan half-brothers, who gained power and wealth while English barons felt shut out; the barons wanted these 'aliens' removed.

Give one personal grievance Simon de Montfort had against Henry III.

Henry put him on trial in 1252 over his rule as governor of Gascony, and never paid the dowry owed from Simon's marriage to the king's sister Eleanor.

Why did Simon de Montfort invite knights and burgesses to his Parliament of 1265?

Many barons had turned against him, so he looked to the gentry and the towns for support, and for their agreement to taxes.

What happened to the limits on royal power after Simon de Montfort was killed at Evesham in 1265?

They collapsed in the short term: Henry III was restored to full power, the barons' controls over him ended, and the rebels were punished.

Give one long-term impact of the Parliament of 1265.

It set a precedent: later kings, needing money, summoned knights and burgesses to agree to taxes, as Edward I did in his 'Model Parliament' of 1295.