Social Policy & Practice Flashcards
All 20 cards in this deck
What was the Concordat of July 1933?
An agreement between Hitler and the Pope: the Nazis would not interfere with the Catholic Church, and the Church would stay out of politics.
What was the Reich Church?
A Nazified Protestant Church set up in 1933 under Reich Bishop Ludwig Müller, uniting Protestant churches under Nazi control.
What were the 'three Ks' in Nazi policy towards women?
Kinder, Küche, Kirche – children, kitchen, church: the roles the Nazis said women should focus on.
Why did the Nazis make motherhood the primary role for women?
They were worried about the falling birth rate, and believed mothers were responsible for the future of the nation.
What was the Law for the Encouragement of Marriage (1933)?
Newly-wed couples were given a loan of 1,000 marks; a quarter of it was cancelled for each child born, so four children cleared the loan.
What was the Hitler Youth?
The Nazi youth organisation for boys (14–18), run by Baldur von Schirach, which used drill, camping and military-style training to prepare them to be soldiers and loyal Nazis.
What was the League of German Maidens (BDM)?
The Nazi youth organisation for girls (14–18), which taught physical fitness and domestic skills to prepare them for their role as mothers.
How did the Nazis control teachers?
Teachers had to join the Nazi Teachers' League and swear loyalty to Hitler; Jewish teachers were dismissed and others sent on Nazi training courses.
How did the Nazis change the school curriculum from 1933?
Physical training time was greatly increased, Race Studies and Eugenics were added, and history and biology were rewritten to teach Nazi racial ideas.
What did the Nazis mean by the 'master race'?
The Aryans – supposedly tall, blond, blue-eyed Germans – whom they believed were racially superior; other groups were labelled Untermenschen (subhumans).
How were Roma and Sinti people treated by the Nazis?
Classed as racially inferior and 'workshy', banned from marrying Germans under the Nuremberg Laws, and from 1936 forced into special camps.
How did the Nazis treat people with disabilities?
The 1933 Sterilisation Law allowed the compulsory sterilisation of people with hereditary conditions; around 350,000 people were sterilised.
What happened in the boycott of Jewish shops and businesses in April 1933?
SA members stood outside Jewish shops, businesses and offices with signs telling Germans not to buy from Jews; the official boycott lasted one day.
What were the Nuremberg Laws (1935)?
The Reich Citizenship Law took German citizenship from Jews, and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour banned marriage and relationships between Jews and non-Jews.
What was 'Kristallnacht'?
The 'Night of Broken Glass', 9–10 November 1938, when synagogues, Jewish shops and homes were attacked across Germany; around 100 Jews were killed and about 30,000 Jewish men sent to concentration camps.
When did membership of the Hitler Youth become compulsory?
In 1939. Most other youth groups had been closed or taken over from 1933, and a 1936 law made the Hitler Youth the official state youth organisation.
What was the Final Solution?
The Nazi plan to murder all the Jews of Europe, co-ordinated at the Wannsee Conference in January 1942; it was carried out in death camps such as Auschwitz.
What were the Einsatzgruppen?
SS mobile killing squads. After Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, they followed the German army east and shot more than a million Jews, as well as others.
What were the ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe?
Sealed-off districts of cities such as Warsaw and Łódź where Jews were forced to live in overcrowded, starving conditions from 1939, before being deported to the death camps.
What was the Nazis' 'euthanasia' (T4) programme?
A secret programme, begun in 1939, to kill disabled people the Nazis judged 'unworthy of life'. Victims were gassed in killing centres or killed by injection or starvation; at least 200,000 died by 1945.