Cell Division Flashcards
All 10 cards in this deck
What are the three stages of the cell cycle, and what happens in each?
e.g. a body cell producing two new cells- Interphase: DNA is replicated, organelles are made and the cell grows (longest stage).
- Mitosis: the nucleus divides — prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
- Cytokinesis: the cell divides into two genetically identical diploid body cells.
What happens during prophase?
Chromosomes (chromatids) condense and become visible, the nuclear membrane breaks down and spindle fibres form.
What happens during metaphase?
The chromosomes line up on the equator (middle) of the cell.
What happens during anaphase?
The chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibres.
What happens during telophase?
The nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes at the poles of the cell.
Give three roles of mitosis in organisms.
Growth, repair of damaged cells/tissue, and asexual reproduction.
What are the steps by which a change in a cell leads to cancer?
e.g. a cell in the liver- A mutation occurs in the cell's DNA.
- The cell is triggered to divide by mitosis and this division is uncontrolled.
- A mass of cells (a tumour) is formed in the liver.
What is a tumour?
A mass (large number) of cells produced by uncontrolled cell division.
True or false? The cells in a tumour are produced by meiosis.
False. They are produced by mitosis that is uncontrolled and does not stop.
What does it mean for a body cell to be diploid?
It has two copies of each chromosome, one inherited from each parent (46 chromosomes in a human body cell).