DNA & the Genome Flashcards
All 5 cards in this deck
Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.
A polymer of two strands coiled to form a double helix, linked by complementary base pairs joined by weak hydrogen bonds.
What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide?
A sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four bases attached to the sugar.
Which DNA bases pair together?
A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.
e.g. the complementary strand of ACG is TGC
What is a genome, and what is a gene?
The genome is the entire DNA of an organism; a gene is a section of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific protein.
What are the steps to extract DNA from fruit?
e.g. using a strawberry
- Mash the fruit and mix with salt and detergent — detergent breaks down cell membranes, salt makes DNA clump together.
- Filter the mixture to remove insoluble cell debris.
- Add cold ethanol — DNA is insoluble in it and appears as white strands.